ELECTRONIC GATE WITH RTOS AND TELEGRAM

Abstract

The objective of this work is to analyze and propose the implementation of an automated electronic gate using the ESP32, FreeRTOS, two limit-switch sensors, and Telegram integration. The study focuses on evaluating the system’s real-time response, improving home automation security through obstacle detection, and sending notifications to the user, ensuring efficient operation and continuous monitoring.

The system was designed using the ESP32 microcontroller running FreeRTOS, integrated with limit-switch sensors and relay-based actuation. The project architecture includes a finite-state machine (FSM) with five main states: CLOSED, OPENING, OPEN, CLOSING, and EMERGENCY_STOP. The system uses three main tasks managed by the RTOS: continuous reading of the limit switches, motor control via the relay, and bidirectional communication with the Telegram API to receive commands and send real-time status notifications.

The model also includes a safety system based on a 5-second timeout: if the gate does not reach a limit switch within this maximum time during an operation, the system automatically triggers an emergency stop, preventing mechanical damage and ensuring equipment integrity.