Textile Effluent Treatment Using Orange Peel-Based Biosorbent

Abstract

The treatment of industrial effluents is challenging due to the presence of contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, and organic compounds, which, if improperly disposed of, harm soil, water, and air, affecting biodiversity and public health. Although existing technologies are available, many are expensive or generate secondary waste, making large-scale application difficult. Therefore, practical, accessible, and sustainable solutions are essential (Environmental Project, 2022; Tera Ambiental, 2025).

The textile industry, while vital to the global economy, is one of the largest polluters. Among its production stages, dyeing stands out due to the high use of dyes, such as methylene blue, which are difficult to remove and highly polluting. The use of residual biomass as a biosorbent emerges as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for effluent treatment, excelling in the removal of heavy metals, dyes, and organic compounds. These materials act through physical and chemical mechanisms, providing efficiency, operational simplicity, and good results in environmental purification (Vaghetti, 2009; Santos, 2018).